MODEL OF 3-D PRINTING ZONE HEATING CONTROL

Abstract

Innovative technologies of layer-by-layer product manufacturing by fast 3-D printing open up new opportunities for producing parts of a given shape. But sometimes, during the printing process with the use of specific materials, it is necessary to additionally heat or cool the part with an air flow over it. To improve the part quality, this process must be controlled, but for production safety, 3-D printing with special materials must be unmanned. Thus, it is necessary to develop an automated system for controlling the 3-printing process. This system should include several subsystems, in particular, a system for controlling the material supply through the extruder, a system for controlling the cooling (or heating) temperature of the printing zone, and a system for controlling the printing speed, which affects the part quality. The parameters of all the systems depend on the material characteristics and the printed part shape.

This paper presents a mathematical model of a control object: a subsystem for 3-D printing zine air heating control, which is based on experimental data obtained in real conditions, and structural and parametric identification procedures for this subsystem. As a result of the identification, the model parameters were obtained as a function of the  control action. The analysis of these relationships  showed that the model of this subsystem as an automatic control object is complex with a variable structure and non-stationary parameters that change randomly over  a wide range. It was found that the whole range of the control action can be divided into five sections, within which the structure of the control object model does not change and the model parameters change over relatively small ranges. Taking this into account, recommendations were formed regarding the procedure for further synthesis of the subsystem for automatic control of the air blowing temperature. In developing this printing control subsystem, to ensure the quality of the transient process, the control action values must be checked for different model structures with variable parameters over certain ranges. The control system developed must be interfaced with other printing control systems to get a complete finished automatic control system.

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