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UDC 629.4:62-758.2
Technical mechanics, 2018, 3, 98 - 111
SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION SAFETY IMPROVEMENT AND PASSIVE PROTECTION OF A PASSENGER TRAIN IN EMERGENCY COLLISIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2018.03.098
Naumenko N. Yu., Sobolevska M. B., Markova O. M., Kovtun H. N., Horobets D. V., Maliy V. V., Syrota S. A., Khizha I. Yu.
Naumenko N. Yu.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Sobolevska M. B.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Markova O. M.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Kovtun H. N.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Horobets D. V.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Maliy V. V.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Syrota S. A.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
Khizha I. Yu.
Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Ukraine
The priority tasks of the Ukrainian railway transport are a train speed increase, passenger car renewal and
safe operation, and the passive protection of passenger trains in their emergency collisions with obstacles.
An integral part of high-speed passenger cars of new generation must be passive safety systems (PSSs),
which operate in an emergency collision. The controllable deformation of the PSS energy- absorbing devices
(EADs) reduces the longitudinal forces and accelerations, which makes it possible to save the lives of the
passengers and the train crew, reduce damage to the cars, and minimize the consequences of the accident.
In the EU countries, the manda-tory installation of PSSs is required by Standard EN 15227. A similar
standard is adopted in Ukraine, too, despite the fact that the couplers used in Ukraine differ considerably
in design from those used in the EU countries. This paper addresses the problem of elaboration of a scientific
basis for the development of collision PSSs for the cars of high-speed passenger trains operating on the
Ukrainian railways and the problem of determination of factors that affect car derailment in a collision.
An algorithm, methods, and finite-element models for choosing the EAD design parameters were developed
and validated by a crash test of a prototype locomotive EAD. A mathematical model was developed to study
the dynamics of PSS-equipped trains, to determine longitudinal and vertical loads on the car structures,
and to assess the required EAD energy absorption capacity in normative collision scenarios. Comprehensive
investigations were conducted, as a result of which locomotive and car EADs were designed. When considering
a passenger train – obstacle collision, a separate problem is the determination of factors causing
locomotive and car derailment. Such investigations were conducted using a mathematical model developed
to describe the spatial oscillations of a moving train whose locomotive is equipped with a passive safety
system and anti-climbing devices. When a train moving on a real track with irregularities of different
types collides with the obstacle, lateral forces of car–car interaction are produced. This, in its turn,
results in lateral forces of wheel–rail interaction, thus considerably affecting the locomotive derailment
stability. The calculations conducted by the model showed that the locomotive derailment probability
increases with the mass of the obstacle rail vehicle, the train speed at the collision instant, and the
level of rail irregularities. The results of the investigations conducted may be used in designing
a new generation of high-speed passenger trains.
railway traffic safety, passenger train – obstacle collision, passive safety system, energy-absorbing device, mathematical simulation, spatial oscillations, derailment
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3. Sobolevskaya M. B., Sirota S. A. Basic concepts of passive safety of high-speed passenger trains at crash collisions. Teh. Meh. 2015. No. 1 Pp. 84-96. (in Russian).
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https://doi.org/10.20858/tp.2017.12.1.5
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11. Sobolevska M. B., Horobets D. V., Syrota S. A. Determination of the characteristics of obstacles for normative scenarios of passenger train - obstacle collisions. Teh. Meh. 2018. No. 2. Pp. 90-103. (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2018.02.090
12. Sobolevskaya M. B., Sirota S. A., Gorobets D. V., Telichko I. V. Full-scale tests of prototype of energy-absorbing device for passive protection of loco-motive at collision. Teh. Meh. 2016. No. 2. Pp. 91-105. (in Russian).
13. Naumenko N. Yu., Sobolevska M. B., Khizha I. Yu. Estimation of dynamic loads on a reference train with a passive safety system in its collisions with an identical train and a freight car. Teh. Meh. 2017. No. 3. Pð. 72-83. (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2017.03.072
14. Naumenko N. Ye., Sobolevskaya M. B., Gorobets D. V., Bogomaz Ye. G. Development of elements of passive safety for new-generation high-speed passenger locomotives at emergency collisions on railways with 1520 mm gauge. Teh. Meh. 2017. No.1. Pð. 72-82. (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2017.01.072
15. Naumenko N. Ye., Sobolevskaya M. B., Sirota S. A., Gorobets D. V. De-velopment of passive safety elements for new-generation coaches operating on railways with 1520 mm gauge. Teh. Meh. 2017. No. 2. Pð. 73-83. (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2017.02.073
16. Markova O., Kovtun H., Maliy V. Modelling train motion along arbitrary shaped track in transient regimes. IMechE Part F: J. Rail and Rapid Transit. 2015. No. 229(1). Pp. 97 - 105.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409713501806
17. Markova O. M., Kovtun H. N., Maliy V. V. Determination of locomotive de-railment stability conditions in emergency collisions. Teh. Meh. 2018. No. 2. Pp. 103-112. (in Russian).
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2018.02.103
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/itm2018.03.098
Copyright (©) 2018 Naumenko N. Yu., Sobolevska M. B., Markova O. M., Kovtun H. N., Horobets D. V., Maliy V. V., Syrota S. A., Khizha I. Yu.
Copyright © 2014-2018 Technical mechanics
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